U
UnyKorn
Technical Research

Research Papers

Peer-review-ready technical papers documenting UnyKorn's architecture decisions, protocol specifications, and empirical analysis. Each paper provides formal treatment of a core subsystem.

Paper Index — 6 Publications

UNY-R-001Hierarchical Proof-of-StakeUNY-R-002XLS-38d Sidechain Bridge DesignUNY-R-003Unified Multi-Custody OrchestrationUNY-R-004On-Chain Trade FinanceUNY-R-005Compliance-Native Blockchain DesignUNY-R-006Agentic AI Infrastructure for Institutional Blockchain
ConsensusUNY-R-0012025

Hierarchical Proof-of-Stake: A 6-Class Validator Consensus Model for Institutional Blockchain Networks

UnyKorn Research

Abstract

This paper presents a hierarchical Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism where validators are organized into six distinct classes with differentiated consensus weights, staking requirements, and operational responsibilities. We demonstrate that encoding institutional roles (compliance enforcement, bridge operation, custody management) directly into the validator hierarchy reduces the attack surface for regulatory-sensitive transactions while maintaining Byzantine fault tolerance guarantees equivalent to flat PoS systems. We prove that the 2-of-3 policy quorum mechanism achieves consensus-level compliance enforcement with minimal additional latency (< 200ms per regulated transaction). Empirical analysis of the fee-priority mempool shows that pre-consensus policy filtering reduces block validation time by 15-22% compared to post-execution compliance checking.

Sections

  1. 1Motivation: Why flat validator sets fail institutional requirements
  2. 2Formal model of 6-class hierarchical consensus
  3. 3Policy quorum as a consensus-level primitive
  4. 4Byzantine fault tolerance analysis under class asymmetry
  5. 5Mempool-level policy filtering: latency and throughput impact
  6. 6Slashing economics across validator classes
  7. 7Comparison with Tendermint, Casper FFG, and HotStuff
  8. 8Experimental results on a 50-validator testnet
InteroperabilityUNY-R-0022025

XLS-38d Sidechain Bridge Design: Secure Bidirectional Asset Transfer Between UnyKorn and the XRP Ledger

UnyKorn Research

Abstract

We present the design and implementation of a cross-chain bridge connecting UnyKorn to the XRP Ledger using the XLS-38d sidechain specification. The bridge supports native XRP, XRPL-issued currencies, and cross-chain escrow operations through a commit-verify-finalize protocol executed by a threshold set of Infrastructure-class validators. We analyze the security model under various adversarial scenarios including bridge validator collusion, XRPL reorganization, and simultaneous chain partitions. The circuit breaker mechanism — which automatically halts bridge operations upon detection of anomalous transfer patterns — is formally specified and analyzed. We demonstrate that the 3-of-5 threshold signing requirement, combined with per-epoch transfer rate limiting, provides security guarantees comparable to native XRPL escrow while enabling programmable settlement logic unavailable on XRPL directly.

Sections

  1. 1XRPL integration landscape and bridge taxonomy
  2. 2XLS-38d specification adaptation for institutional use
  3. 3Commit-verify-finalize protocol specification
  4. 4Trust line management for issued currency bridges
  5. 5DEX integration: cross-chain order execution
  6. 6Circuit breaker formal specification
  7. 7Security analysis: collusion, reorg, and partition scenarios
  8. 8Performance benchmarks: throughput and finality latency
InfrastructureUNY-R-0032025

Unified Multi-Custody Orchestration: Deterministic Routing Across Fireblocks, BitGo, and Circle Infrastructure

UnyKorn Research

Abstract

Institutional digital asset management requires simultaneous integration with multiple custody providers, each with distinct key management architectures (MPC, multi-signature, HSM), API models, and regulatory frameworks. We present the FundingRouter — a deterministic routing engine that selects optimal custody and settlement paths based on asset type, destination chain, compliance requirements, settlement speed, and cost parameters. The FundingLedger maintains a unified double-entry accounting system across all integrated providers (Fireblocks MPC, BitGo multi-sig, Circle USDC/CCTP), enabling real-time position reporting and regulatory-grade audit trails. We formalize the routing decision logic, prove determinism under concurrent request processing, and demonstrate that unified orchestration reduces institutional operational overhead by eliminating manual reconciliation across custody providers.

Sections

  1. 1The institutional custody fragmentation problem
  2. 2FundingRouter: deterministic multi-rail routing engine
  3. 3FundingLedger: cross-custody double-entry accounting
  4. 4Fireblocks MPC integration: JWT auth, vault management, webhooks
  5. 5BitGo multi-sig integration: HSM-backed key management
  6. 6Circle USDC/EURC: minting, redemption, CCTP cross-chain transfer
  7. 7Routing optimization under multi-constraint environments
  8. 8Audit trail specification for regulatory compliance
Trade FinanceUNY-R-0042025

On-Chain Trade Finance: Implementing UCP 600 Letters of Credit as Consensus-Validated State Machines

UnyKorn Research

Abstract

International trade finance instruments — Letters of Credit, Bills of Lading, Certificates of Origin — are governed by ICC Uniform Customs and Practice (UCP 600) rules that specify precise document examination requirements and party obligations. We present an implementation of UCP 600 compliant Letter of Credit processing as deterministic state machines operating within UnyKorn's consensus layer. Trade documents are hashed (BLAKE3) and anchored on-chain with off-chain content stored in institutional document management systems. Document presentation follows UCP 600 Article 14 examination standards implemented as rule evaluation predicates. We demonstrate that on-chain LC processing reduces settlement time from the industry standard 5-30 days to under 60 seconds while maintaining full compliance with ICC banking commission requirements.

Sections

  1. 1Global trade finance: $10T market, paper-based infrastructure
  2. 2UCP 600 rules as deterministic state machine transitions
  3. 3Letter of Credit lifecycle implementation
  4. 4Document hashing and off-chain content verification
  5. 5Policy quorum enforcement for trade instrument validation
  6. 6Settlement time analysis: traditional vs. on-chain processing
  7. 7Multi-bank LC workflow simulation results
  8. 8Regulatory compatibility assessment across jurisdictions
ComplianceUNY-R-0052025

Compliance-Native Blockchain Design: KYC/AML as Consensus Primitives Rather Than Application Layer Concerns

UnyKorn Research

Abstract

Existing blockchain compliance solutions operate at the application layer — smart contracts check compliance conditions after transaction inclusion, introducing settlement risk for non-compliant transactions that have already consumed network resources. We present UnyKorn's compliance-native architecture where KYC/AML policy enforcement operates as a pre-consensus filter. Transactions involving regulated instruments are evaluated against jurisdiction-specific policy sets by Compliance-class validators before mempool admission. Non-compliant transactions are rejected without block inclusion, eliminating settlement reversal risk and reducing validator computational waste. The DID-based identity layer supports institutional hierarchies with role-based permissions while preserving privacy through zero-knowledge credential verification. We analyze the compliance framework against SEC, FinCEN, FCA, MAS, and HKMA regulatory requirements.

Sections

  1. 1Application-layer compliance: limitations and risks
  2. 2Pre-consensus policy enforcement architecture
  3. 3DID identity system with Verifiable Credentials
  4. 4Institutional hierarchies and role-based access control
  5. 5Privacy-preserving credential verification
  6. 6Multi-jurisdictional policy engine configuration
  7. 7Regulatory compatibility: SEC, FinCEN, FCA, MAS, HKMA
  8. 8Throughput impact analysis of consensus-level compliance
AI SystemsUNY-R-0062025

Agentic AI Infrastructure for Institutional Blockchain: MCP Server and RAG-Augmented Network Operations

UnyKorn Research

Abstract

We present UnyKorn's AI infrastructure layer comprising a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server exposing the full network API surface as structured tools for autonomous AI agent interaction, and a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system indexing the complete codebase, documentation, transaction history, and network metrics. The MCP server enables AI agents to compose transactions, query compliance policies, monitor bridge health, and generate regulatory reports through natural language interaction with full parameter validation and execution sandboxing. The RAG system ensures factual accuracy by augmenting AI responses with verified network data, reducing hallucination rates for blockchain-specific queries. We analyze the security implications of AI-driven network interaction and present the authorization framework that constrains agentic operations to permitted action sets based on operator credentials.

Sections

  1. 1AI agent interaction patterns for blockchain networks
  2. 2MCP server: tool discovery, validation, and sandboxing
  3. 3RAG knowledge system: indexing and retrieval pipeline
  4. 4Agentic workflow orchestration: monitoring → escalation → reporting
  5. 5Security model for AI-driven network operations
  6. 6Authorization framework for constrained agentic access
  7. 7Benchmark: query accuracy with vs. without RAG augmentation
  8. 8Future directions: autonomous compliance monitoring agents

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